CEFR Level: B2
Category: General English | History & Global Stories

The sinking of the RMS Titanic on April 15, 1912 remains one of the most famous maritime disasters in history.
The massive luxury liner struck an iceberg in the North Atlantic during its maiden voyage, and more than 1,500 people lost their lives.
However, history also contains fascinating “near-miss” stories.
Several famous and influential people were originally planning to travel on the Titanic but changed their plans at the last moment. Illness, business commitments, or simple coincidence meant they avoided the tragedy.
If their decisions had been different, the world of business, science, and culture might look very different today.
Let’s explore some of the remarkable stories of people who narrowly avoided the Titanic disaster.
maiden voyage
The first official journey made by a ship.
Example: The Titanic sank during its maiden voyage in 1912.
luxury liner
A large passenger ship designed for comfort and elegance.
Example: The Titanic was considered the most advanced luxury liner of its time.
deposit
Money paid in advance to reserve something.
Example: Hershey paid a deposit to reserve his Titanic cabin.
distress signal
An emergency message requesting help.
Example: The crew sent a distress signal after the ship struck an iceberg.
disaster
A sudden event causing great damage or loss of life.
Example: The Titanic disaster shocked the entire world.
destiny
Events believed to be determined by fate.
Example: Missing the Titanic changed the destiny of several famous people.
twist of fate
An unexpected event that changes the course of events.
Example: A cancelled ticket became a twist of fate for many travellers.
a close call
A narrow escape from danger.
Example: Missing the Titanic turned out to be a close call for Hershey.
by the skin of your teeth
Escaping danger by a very small margin.
Example: Some people avoided the disaster by the skin of their teeth.
fate had other plans
Events happened differently than expected.
Example: Dreiser planned to travel on the Titanic, but fate had other plans.
a twist of fate
An unexpected event that changes everything.
Example: A delayed trip became a twist of fate that saved lives.
Milton S. Hershey, founder of the Hershey Chocolate Company, had actually booked a cabin on the Titanic and paid a deposit for his ticket.
However, urgent business matters required his attention in the United States. Instead of boarding the Titanic, he returned earlier on another ship.
The check he wrote for the Titanic reservation still exists today. That simple decision turned out to be a close call that saved his life.
Powerful American financier J. P. Morgan owned the company that controlled the White Star Line, the shipping company that built the Titanic.
Many people expected Morgan to attend the maiden voyage. However, he unexpectedly decided to extend his stay in France and cancelled his trip.
If Morgan had boarded the ship, one of the most influential bankers in history might have died in the disaster.
Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi, who developed wireless radio communication, had the opportunity to travel on the Titanic.
Instead, he chose to sail earlier on another ship because he wanted to return to work sooner.
Ironically, the Titanic later used Marconi’s wireless system to send a distress signal after hitting the iceberg.
Wealthy American landowner George Washington Vanderbilt II, creator of the enormous Biltmore Estate, had originally planned to sail on the Titanic with his wife.
They cancelled their trip just days before departure after receiving concerns about the journey.
In this case, a simple change of plans became a powerful twist of fate.
Writer Theodore Dreiser, author of the novel Sister Carrie, also planned to sail on the Titanic.
However, his publisher convinced him to return earlier on a smaller ship. The suggestion seemed minor at the time, but it ultimately saved his life.
Sometimes destiny can change because of a small decision.
American Christian leader John R. Mott was offered a free ticket to travel on the Titanic.
Instead, he decided to sail on a more modest ship called the Lapland.
Mott later became a global religious leader and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946.
Industrialist Henry Clay Frick, chairman of Carnegie Steel, had been given complimentary tickets for the Titanic voyage.
However, his wife injured her ankle during their travels in Europe. Because of this unexpected event, the couple postponed their journey.
Their reserved suite was later occupied by J. Bruce Ismay, a White Star Line executive who survived the sinking.
Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, a member of the wealthy Vanderbilt family, reportedly cancelled plans to sail on the Titanic shortly before departure.
Tragically, fate still had a different ending for him. In 1915 he died when the passenger ship Lusitania was torpedoed during the First World War.
German banker Baron Moritz von Bethmann considered travelling on the Titanic with a group of friends.
However, the group could not agree which ship to take. According to historical accounts, they flipped a coin to decide.
The coin sent them onto another vessel — a decision that changed their destiny forever.
American entrepreneur James Cash Penney, founder of the J. C. Penney department store chain, was not scheduled for the Titanic’s maiden voyage but reportedly intended to travel on one of its future crossings.
Because the ship sank on its first journey, that trip never happened.
Sometimes history changes simply because a planned event never occurs.
The Titanic tragedy shows how fragile historical outcomes can be.
A delayed trip, an injured ankle, a business meeting, or even a coin toss can alter someone’s destiny.
Imagine if Hershey had died in 1912. The global chocolate industry might look very different today.
Or if Marconi had boarded the ship, wireless communication technology might have developed more slowly.
History often turns on small, unexpected decisions.
True or False
1. Several famous people cancelled their Titanic trips shortly before the voyage.
2. Milton Hershey decided not to travel on the Titanic because he was afraid of the ship.
3. J. P. Morgan controlled the company that owned the Titanic.
4. Baron Moritz von Bethmann avoided the Titanic after flipping a coin.
5. Long-term historical developments can sometimes change because of small decisions.
Multiple-Choice Questions
6. Why did Milton Hershey cancel his trip on the Titanic?
a) He became ill
b) Business matters required his attention
c) He missed the departure
7. What important technology connected to the Titanic was invented by Guglielmo Marconi?
a) Steam engines
b) Radar systems
c) Wireless radio communication
8. Why did Henry Clay Frick postpone his trip on the Titanic?
a) His wife injured her ankle
b) His business failed
c) The ship was delayed
9. Which ship later caused the death of Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt?
a) Lusitania
b) Britannic
c) Olympic
10. What does the article suggest about historical events?
a) They are always carefully planned
b) They are sometimes shaped by small unexpected decisions
c) They rarely change over time
🗝️ Answer Key
T/F: 1) T, 2) F, 3) T, 4) T, 5) T,
MCQ: 6) b, 7) c, 8) a, 9) a, 10) b
1. Why do you think the Titanic story still fascinates people today?
2. Do you believe luck or destiny plays a role in major life events?
3. Which of these stories surprised you the most?
4. Can a small decision really change history? Why or why not?
5. Have you ever experienced a “close call” in your life?
The stories of people who almost boarded the Titanic raise deeper questions about coincidence, intuition, and even divine protection.
Some individuals cancelled their trips for ordinary reasons — business commitments, family issues, or changes in travel plans.
Others made decisions that seem strangely fortunate in hindsight.
For example, John R. Mott, a Christian leader, declined a free ticket and travelled on another ship instead. Many believers might interpret this as God’s protection or guidance.
At the same time, the decision of J. P. Morgan raises intriguing historical questions. As the powerful financier connected to the company that owned the Titanic, his sudden cancellation has led some people to wonder whether he knew something about potential risks.
Over time, this has even contributed to conspiracy theories surrounding the Titanic disaster. Some writers and internet discussions claim that influential figures avoided the voyage because they knew the ship might not be safe. Others argue that the disaster may have involved hidden financial or political motives.
Most historians reject these claims and explain the cancellations as normal travel decisions. However, the combination of powerful individuals cancelling their trips and the enormous scale of the tragedy has kept these theories alive in popular imagination.
Of course, history often becomes a mixture of fact, speculation, and storytelling.
Consider these questions:
Did some of these individuals simply experience luck, or could intuition have influenced their decisions?
Why do people often create conspiracy theories after major historical disasters?
Do you think individuals sometimes sense danger subconsciously before it happens?
From a faith perspective, could events like this be interpreted as divine providence?
Why do tragedies often lead people to search for hidden explanations?
The Titanic tragedy reminds us that the line between chance, intuition, speculation, and destiny is often difficult to understand.
What do you think?
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Hi, I’m Henry Lilienfield, a TEFL veteran with teaching experience across China, Taiwan, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, South Africa, and online. With a law degree, two post-grad qualifications in Education Management and Development Studies, and a Level 5 TEFL Diploma, I bring deep knowledge and a practical approach to everything I teach—whether it’s English lessons or how to start your own online teaching business.



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